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510 China Review International: Vol. 2, No. 2, Fall 1995 Xinjiang, may well have been translated from other published Hui folklore collections. 3.With the important caveat that "Hui" refers only to the twentieth-century Hui nationality . Historically, "Hui" referred generally to any Muslim in China. 4.Perhaps only the Chinese government would dare call a Kazakh "a Chinese Muslim," and then only in the political sense of "a Chinese citizen who is a Muslim." 5.Nonetheless, forty-two ofthe seventy-two photographs included in the book are of mosques or ofexclusively Islamic religious activity. 6.Walker 1990, p. xxi. REFERENCES Fletcher, Joseph F. Forthcoming. "The Naqshbandiyya in Northwest China." In B. Manz, ed., Central Asian Studies ofJoseph Fletcher. London: Variorum Press. Gladney, Dru. 1987. "Muslim Tombs and Ethnic Folklore: Charters ofHui Identity." Journal of Asian Studies 46 (3): 495-532. -----------. 1991. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic. Harvard University Press / Council on East Asia. Harrell, Stevan. 1994. Cultural Encounters on China's EthnicFrontiers. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Keyes, Charles. 1976. "Towards a New Formation ofEthnic Group." Ethnicity 3:292-313. -----------. 1981. "Introduction: The Dialectics of Ethnic Change." In: Charles Keyes, ed., Ethnic Change, pp. 4-30. Seattle: University ofWashington Press. Leslie, Donald. 1986. Islam in Traditional China: A Short History to 1800. Canberra: Canberra College ofAdvanced Education. Lipman, Jonathan. 1987. "Hui-hui: An Ethnohistory of the Chinese-speaking Muslims." Journal ofSouth Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 1 1 ( 1/2). Lipman, Jonathan and Stevan Harrell, eds. 1990. Violence in China: Essays in Culture and Counterculture . Albany: SUNY Press. Walker, Barbara K. 1990. The Art ofthe Turkish Tale. Vol. 1. Lubbock: Texas Tech University. Wm Zhiling Lin and Thomas W. Robinson, editors. The Chinese and Their Future : Beijing, Taipei, and Hong Kong. Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press, 1994. xvi, 554 pp. Hardcover $39.75. Paperback $19.95. From the proceedings of an international conference held in January 1991, this volume gathers sixteen essays examining domestic and international "variables" which may affect the "composite future" of the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, and© 1995 by University Hong Kong. The editors sought from this collection "implications" for American ofHawai ? Pressforeign policymaking toward China (p.xiv), reflecting perhaps a growing concern with (1) post-1898 developments in China, which Western experts have had little success predicting; (2) threats of a growing Da Zhonghua (Greater China), which Reviews 511 could disturb the balance ofpower in the post-Cold War world (p.xiii); and (3) worries that this mammoth political and economic bloc might be dominated by a government not committed to Western standards and practices. Three essays examine how the two decades ofreforms along with the 1989 Tiananmen Square Incident have affected Chinese mainland politics. Susan Shirk finds that adminstrative and economic decentralization could not get beyond the provincial governments as the latter, having gained political and economic independence themselves, resisted further liberalization down to the enterprise level. This allegedly stalled reforms and led to many economic woes. Feng Shengbao examines the PLA and its reactions to the series of reforms, the June 4 Incident, and the remedial measures taken since then. He feels that the unity among units of the PLA and its relations with the Party and with civilians will be strained, and he doubts whether, after Deng, the PLA can remain the faithful instrument of the Party as before. Zhang Shuqiang notes that calls for change surfaced after 1989 as stablizing elements in the Chinese political culture began to weaken. Orthodox Marxism was challenged by economic reform, and the Party lost its "Mandate of Heaven" in its handling ofthe June 4 Incident. The government then tried to rally nativistic cultural nationalism to resist change and Western values and systems. Two essays examine Chinese mainland society. Judith Banister studies the population, its demographic trends throughout the 1900s, and the possible economic and political implications. She concludes that population growth would not greatly influence China's economic and political systems. Zhiling Lin opines that under the CCP, Chinese society has been influenced by three cultural "currents "—traditional, modern and party. Lin explains "traditional" as China, "modern" as Western, and "party" culture as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. She argues that since reforms...

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