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FEATURES J. D. Schmidt. Within the Human Realm: The Poetry ofHuangZunxian, 1848-1905. Cambridge Studies in Chinese History, Literature and Institutions . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xi, 355 pp. Hardcover $39·95> 'SBN 0-521-46271-1. This study ofHuang Zunxian ^"iï.S and his poetry is divided into three parts: Biography, Criticism, and Translations. Part 1 consists of"The Poet as a Young Man," "Huang, die Diplomat," and "Reform and Reaction." Part 2 contains "The Theory ofdie Poetic Revolution," "The Practice ofRevolution," "Traditional Themes," "Foreign Climes," "The Brave New World," "The Development of Huang Zunxian's Satire," "The Late Satirical Poetry," "Huang Zunxian and Modern Science," "Quatrains of1899," and "Fin de Siècle." Part 3 consists of "Early Verse (ca. 1864-1868)," "The Growing Talent (1868-1877)," "Tokyo (1877-1882)," "San Francisco (1882-1885)," "Return to China (1885-1890)," "The Empire on Which the Sun Never Sets (1890-1892)," "Singapore (1891-1894)," "War and Reform (1894-1899)," and "Retirement (1899-1905)."1 Huang was a native ofJiayingzhou JskM i+1 (present-day Meizhou $H'H ) in normeastern Guangdong, and a member of a Hakka (Kejia) %¦% family, which, like so many Hakka families ofthe area, had originally moved from northern China and setüed diere during the Song and Yuan eras (tenth to thirteenth centuries ). Huang's family had achieved local prominence by the time ofhis greatgrandfather , and Huang's father, Huang Hongzao 1frz%Îà (1828-1891), had a long and distinguished official career and is remembered primarily in history for his management of supplies to die Chinese army during the Sino-French War (18821884 ) in southern Guangdong and Vietnam. Huang Zunxian's own official career began in 1877 when he became Counselor to the Imperial Chinese Legation in Tokyo, a post he filled until 1882 when he was appointed Consul General in San Francisco. He stayed in California until 1889, returned briefly to China, and 1890 found him installed as Counselor to die Chinese Legation in London. The next year Huang became Consul General in Singapore, where he remained until 1894. Zhang Zhidong W^-ift (1837-1909),© 1996 by University then Acting Governor-General ofLiangjiang (Jiangsu, Anhwei, and Jiangxi), had ofHawai'i PressHuang appointed in early 1895 to the staffofhis Office ofForeign Affairs ( Yattgwuju :$-$rM)) and put him in charge ofcases concerning missionaries and otiier foreigners. In November 1896 Huang was summoned to two audiences witìi the 3o6 China Review International: Vol. 3, No. 2, Fall 1996 Guangxu emperor, whom he impressed both with his progressive attitudes and by his eyewitness accounts of the successful Japanese reform and modernization movement initiated and fully supported by the government of the Meiji emperor in Japan. The Guangxu emperor subsequently requested copies of Huang's Riben zashi shi EJ ;£-#-??F (Poems on Japanese miscellaneous subjects), which Huang had composed during his posting to Tokyo, and Riben guozhi EJ ^-H t t £-£-$ J&&E, (d) "Advocacy of the Idea that Peoples ofthe World Should Unite" \% %1A%kBI &&fë; and (2) "The Hopelessness ofUnrealized Ambition" ^" &$Mt tfl&fe. Chapter 5, "Formal Considerations of Huang Zunxian's Poetry" -^i^Sifoii fy£jfe, is divided into four broad sections: I. "Distinctive Characteristics of Diction " t#"S"#'|l: (1) "Adopt Dialect Expressions and Popular Sayings" #¦$] Tj f ' fë4t, (2) "Use Vernacular Speech" i$JH éj ?*, (3) "Do Not Avoid Buddhist Expressions" ^i€# £f#, and (4) "Use New Terms in Classical Verse" ??$\£? /v#. II. "Syntax and Rhetoric" ¿J i£-if#: (1) "Reiteratives/Reduplicates" 44, (2)"Repetition ofExpressions" 4 A, (3) "Repetition ofSyntax" 4$t, (4) "Parallelism " # fct, (5) "Parallel Couplets" €,$!% (6) "Antithesis" #Ltfe, (7) "Anadiplosis" TS Ä, (8) "Metaphor" tbÄ., (9) "Tendencies to Free Verse" ItX-ib, and (10) "Allusions " /H -&/ III. "Composition" ^ ^&&: (1) "High and Wide Angle ofVision " &&#}%,%%£, (2) "Flexibility ofNarrative Viewpoint" AYA»**, (3)"The Use of Contrast to Create Tension" JiI if Jt$Jitfé? , (4) "Clarity of Unity and Coherence" /| :k. fr93, (5) "The Use of Syntactic Repetition to Enhance Effects H%%;tk4"H J^An J^ Ji^.,and (6) "Natural Transitions in Tone of Speech" !§¦&.## É #*. IV. "Characteristic Expression ofWorks as a Whole" Hr tt43Ur.#J# &: (1) "Complexity of Imagery" Ä ^-IHi and (2) "Vividness of Color" &%$f-ty.* Chapter 6, "Stylistic Considerations ofHuang Zunxian's Poetry" ^"^,li-lf ô\jJïU$-î&, is divided into two broad sections: I. "Elements...

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