"Even the Dogs in the Street Bark in Hebrew": National Ideology and Everyday Culture in Tel-Aviv

Reviving Hebrew in the Land of Israel was a major Zionist goal. Tel-Aviv's municipal government tried to enforce the use of Hebrew as the single public language of the city, as did "The Battalion of the Defenders of the Hebrew Language," a voluntary youth organization. Hebrew became Tel-Aviv's formal and main language, but the use of other languages was not eradicated, revealing a gap between the ideological consensus and everyday reality in an immigrant society.