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Book Reviews nine modes of writing, wiU have to take Restuccia's study seriously. At the same time, however, my hunch is that whüe Joyce's work surely encourages speculation along the Unes of Restuccia's thesis about fear and trembling, masochism and the victories of victimhood, it is also true that Joyce, being Joyce, is too slippery, too ironic, too "Irish" to be captured by its nets. Sanford Pinsker Franklin & Marshall College Lawrence: "Ready for Anything" D. H. Lawrence. Movements in European History. Phüip Crumpton, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. xlvi + 351 pp. $59.50 Paper $19.95 D. H. Lawrence. England, My England and Other Stories. Bruce Steele, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Ii + 285 pp. Cloth $59.50 Paper $19.95 IN THE LAST YEAR of the war, with no work at hand and a complete blank in front of him, Lawrence felt "very desperate, and ready for anything , good or bad." He had been trained as a teacher and had taught for several years, and responded to an offer of £50 from Oxford University Press to write a history textbook for junior pupils in EngHsh schools. Lawrence wrote the book between July 1918 and February 1919 while living at Mountain Cottage in Middleton-by-Wirksworth, Derbyshire. His main sources—as Crumpton shows in an interesting appendix—were Caesar, Tacitus, Gibbon, A. J. Grant's History of Europe (1913), G. M. Trevelyan's trilogy on Garibaldi and several other works. (Crumpton gives the date of Trevelyan's first volume as 1907 on p. xxv and 1908 on p. 327: the first date is the correct one.) Lawrence's method was to select, paraphrase and summarize; the few reviewers who noticed the book praised the vividness and immediacy of the style as weU as the accuracy of the historical facts. Oxford University Press was slow to respond to the completed manuscript and did not pay Lawrence until a year after it was received. The book was pubhshed under the pseudonym "Lawrence H. Davidson" in February 1921, in an edition of 2,000 copies, after Lawrence had left England and moved to Taormina, Sicüy. A second impression of 2,000 copies was required in March 1923, and an illustrated edition of 8,000 more copies came out in May 1925. They keep writing to me to suggest 119 ELT: VOLUME 34:1, 1991 ülustrations," Lawrence, then in New Mexico, told a friend. "And how can I? They don't hang on the boughs of pine-trees at the foot of the Rocky Mountains." The Irish edition of September 1926 was heavily cut and revised to conform to the CathoHc view of religious history. Lawrence had to agree, he said, to "take out every word of praise of Martin Luther, and any suggestion that any Pope may have erred. Fools! But I don't care." Despite initiaUy brisk sales, the Irish edition, which unhappily coincided with the scandalous pubUcation οι Lady Chatterly's Lover, was a faüure. In 1971 (not, as Crumpton states, 1972) Oxford University Press pubHshed a new edition of 2,000, with a sohd introduction by James Boulton and the first printing of Lawrence's Epilogue on events after 1918. This had been commissioned and then rejected for the illustrated edition of 1925. In the EpUogue, the most interesting part of the book, Lawrence expresses his angry response to the buUying and violence he had experienced in postwar Italy. He blamed this entirely on the SociaHsts (who were then in power), described these conditions in Aaron's Rod (1922) and wrote in Movements: "In the summer of 1920 I went north, and Florence was in a state of continual sociaHstic riot: sudden shots, sudden stones smashing into the restaurants where one was drinking coffee, aU the shops suddenly barred and closed." In the EpUogue Lawrence also recants his earHer befief in the need for "one great chosen figure, some hero who can lead a great war, as weU as administer a wide peace" and returns to his faith in the rights of the individual: "Fascism and Law and Order [are] only another kind of buUying. . . . [Fascism] degrades both the buUy...

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