Schiller e la morale di Kant (review)

BOOK REVIEWS 349 places it much more in accord with Kant's doctrines. This interpretation, I believe, is highly questionable, but Tymieniecka's presentation, ff incomplete, is nonetheless plausible. Tymieniecka does point out that the notion of perception as well as that of petites perceptions is divorced from the conscious-unconscious distinction. And her critical discussion and appraisal of Oanz' attempt to connect the notion of petites perceptions with the unconscious is admirable. Tymieniecka distinguishes three meanings of the term 'representation' and correlates them with three Leibnizian terms: representation, expression and mirroring. Relying rather heavily on K6hler's historical study as analyzed by Mahnke, she explores these notions with considerable care. The point of her analysis is to tie the Leibnizian concept of representation to Leibniz' cosmology, and this she does well. In general Tymieniecka's study is well conceived and well executed. There is perhaps a weakness in her account of the Leibni~dan conceptions of essence and of existence , which she does not pursue in any great detail,but such an account would not be altogether germane to her task as she conceives it. Whatever the status of Leibnizian scholarshipbefore her book, her study makes a substantialcontribution to its betterment. Srm'H~ A. EmCKSON Pomona College Schiller 9 la morale di Kant. By Antimo Negri. (Lecce: EdiTioni Milella, 1968. Pp. 333. L 3000) This monograph on the aesthetics of Friedrich Schiller forms volume eight of the CoUezione di studi e testi directed by M. Marti and A. Vallone. It attempts to show the sociological import of the aesthetic ideal of Schiller. Schiller is considered hereby as one of the main protagonists of the anti-inteUectuaiistic and anticonservative struggle waged in the defense of the "aesthetic dimension" of man. His aesthetics are seen as "an exceptional development of the classic German philosophy from Kant to Hegel." According to A. Negri, the "aesthetic dimension" is the only one that enables man to abandon the "reactionary" position. In appraising Schiller in that way, the author refers to the opinions of Herbert Marcuse and also of the other members of the Frank~rt School of socialism, namely, Theodore Wiesengrund Adorno (who died in 1969 in Zermatt) and Max Horkheimer, all of whom proceed from the teachings of the professor of economics, M. Gruenberg, first professor at the University of Vienna and later of Frankfurt am Main. The author also points to the views on SchiUer's aesthetics of Georg Luk~cs (Budapest). Schiller thus appears here as a sort of precursor of the conceptions of Ma.rcuse, and his (Schiller's) Teilmensch (partial man) evolved still by Rousseau becomes the predecessor of Marcuse's "one-dimensional man." Schiller is shown as a "revolutionary" thinker, and his "aesthetic education" is viewed as the means of achieving this human revolution. A whole chapter of the book is devoted to the poet Hoelderlin, Heidegger's exemplar of the poetic spirit. .Schiller's ideal of the aesthetic man is conceived as similar to the ideal man, dreamed of by Karl Marx as the result of the destruction of bourgeois society based on the division of labor and as the fruit of the liberation of man from the constraints of that order. The author concludes his investigation on a sceptical note in asking whether the homo oeconomicus shall remain the ultimate Teilmensch whom no intellectualistic civilization will be able to subdue so that the latter will never create by itself an 350 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY aesthetic civilization. This is a question that neither Kant nor Schiller would be able to answer. MAX RmSEl~ New York City La formazione della fdosofia di K. L. Reinhold 1784-1794. By Angelo Pupi. (Milan: Societh Editrice Vita e Pensiero, 1966. Pp. 625) As the title of the book indicates, Professor Pupi confines himself to the early, formative period of Reinhold's thought from 1784, the date of his first connection with Wieland and the Teutscher Merkur to 1794 when he left lena for Kiel. Professor Pupi describes and analyzes Reinhold's writings during these ten busy and productive years in great detail and with a wealth of scholarly apparatus. He also relates them to the various contemporary philosophical controversies of which...