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BOOK REVIEWS 107 Promoting Christianity among the Jews, especially after hearing of La Cunza's theory, tried to get the Jews to rebuild Palestine. Priestley had written to the Jews to convert. Nobody, including Garrett, seems interested in the Jewish answer, by David Levi (who also wrote an answer to Brother's disciple, Nathaniei Halhed). Levi's answer, which was that of most Jews, was that they would stay where they were until the arrival of/he Messiah, who would take them to Palestine and who would rebuild it. The Jews never envisaged human effort as relevant to bringing about the Messianic Kingdom until late in the nineteenth century. The Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews had genuine millcnarian aspirations and through its leaders, such as the convert Joseph Wolff, tried to bring about both a movement of Jews to Palestine and a rebuilding of the country. The evidence I have seen in their reports and in their newspaper , The Jewish Expositor, indicates that they played an important and forgotten role in the early history of Zionism. All of this shows that there is a much bigger story to be told than just that of Garrett's "Respectable Folly." The people he selects are somewhat interesting but hardly influential. The French ladies and the international mystical group in Avignon were certainly respectable. The extent to which they were crazy needs more careful assessment. On the English side, Richard Brothers was certainly not respectable, but he certainly appears to have been thoroughly mad. If one is to make much headway with disentangling the strands of millennialismconnected with the French Revolution, I think one has to begin with some of the major figures. First one has to take seriously what Bernard Plongeron has written on the religious revolutionary leaders. One of the central ones for this research is the abb6 Henri Grrgoire, whose defense of the Jews, written in 1787, already show his millenarian position. Grrgoire's two editions of his Histoire des sectes religiouses (2 vols., Paris, 1814, and 6 vols., Paris, 1828-45) show his preoccupation with finding out about millenarianmovements. In addition to GrCgoire, other Jansenist writers published secretly and provide important pictures of how the stages of the Revolution looked to these millenarians. See, for instance, Desfour de GeunetiCre, Avis au Catholiques sur la caract~re et les signes du terns nous vivons: ou de la conversion des Juifs, de I'Av~nement de J~sus-Christ et de son regne visible sur la terre (1795). On the English side there is so much to be plumbed from the establishment or respectable millenarian theologians that it is hardly necessary to start with obvious crackpots such as Brothers. Perhaps when we know enough about the mainstream of rrrillenarianism on both sides of the channel the people whom Garrett has ably studied can be fitted in their proper niches. Garrett has tracked down the original sources, to the extent that it can be done at this range. (Material cited in sources 150years ago has by now disappeared.) Given the careful scholarship in Garrett's book, it is too bad that it does not contain a bibliography of both the printed and the manuscript sources used. RaCeD H. POPKIN Washington University Giovanni Vecchi. I! concetto di pedagog& in Hegel. Studi di filosofia, no. 12. Milano: U. Mursia, 1975. Pp. 202. L. 5000. II tema della educazione in Hegel ha da molto tempo suscitato l'attenzione degli studiosi. In un primo tempo, fin dagli anni trenta del secoio scorso, da un punto di vista piuttosto ristretto -col tentativo di derivare dalle opere edite e (nel caso del libro del Thaulow) anche inedite del filosofo una vera e propria teoria dell'educazione (Erziehung); poi, e soprattutto nel nostro secolo, da un punto di vista piO vasto, come "cultura" o "formazione" (Bildung) intellettuale e morale deli'uomo, o di un popolo. Il fatto che in Hegel manchi una trattazione specifica 108 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY sull'argomento, che i riferimenti, pur cosi numerosi ed interessanti, alia educazione (nei due significati del termine) siano dispersi un po' in tutte le opere, ed in contesti molto diversi, pub giustificare i diversi approcci come, anche, i diversi risultati. Ci...

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