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Transformation of Immigrant Integration in Western Europe: Civic Integration and Antidiscrimination Policies in the Netherlands, France, and Germany
- World Politics
- Johns Hopkins University Press
- Volume 59, Number 2, January 2007
- pp. 243-273
- 10.1353/wp.2007.0022
- Article
- Additional Information
This article argues that, beginning in the mid-1990s, there has been a transformation of immigrant integration policies in Western Europe, away from distinct "national models" and toward convergent policies of "civic integration" for newcomers and "antidiscrimination" for settled immigrants and their descendants. This convergence is demonstrated by a least-likely case comparison of the Netherlands, France, and Germany—states that had pursued sharply different lines in the past. The author fleshes out the conflicting, even contradictory logics of antidiscrimination and civic integration and grounds them in opposite variants of liberalism, an "old" liberalism of nondiscrimination and equal opportunity and a "new" liberalism of power and disciplining, respectively.