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Social vs. Self-Directed Events among Japanese and Americans
- Social Forces
- The University of North Carolina Press
- Volume 84, Number 2, December 2005
- pp. 821-830
- 10.1353/sof.2006.0035
- Article
- Additional Information
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Cultural expectations provide meaning to human perceptions of who-does-what-to-whom-where. However, the effects of actions directed at oneself have been much less systematically studied. This article replicates the American factorial design of Britt and Heise (1992) in a Japanese setting. The analysis demonstrates both cultural similarities and differences in psychological principles for attaching meanings to self-directed events. Cross-cultural differences in creating a sense of self-fulfillment or self-actualization are expressed through emotional labeling and trait attribution.